A Jurisprudential Attempt at Rule of Law Creation: An Analysis of Theoretical Assumptions for Compulsory International Adjudication and Realistic Challenges
Mario Krešić, Ph. D., Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law, University of Zagreb, Trg Republike Hrvatske 14, 10000 Zagreb; mario.kresic@pravo.hr; ORCID ID: orcid.org/0000-0002-1461-7680
Summary
The concept of the rule of law, at least as understood in the discourse on national law, includes the element of compulsory adjudication. At the same time the formulated norm on universal compulsory adjudication is missing in general international law, as well as in the particular regional order regulating relations of European states. Although this gap between the concept and practice could be perceived as an intriguing theoretical and practical problem which attracts thoughtful analysis, this is not the case in contemporary debates. In the practical discourse on the development of general international law there has been no progress regarding the implementation of the concept for centuries. The progress of the European order, even if it manifests signs of an emerging norm on compulsory international adjudication, still has to be confirmed by formulated norms. The reluctance to resolve this gap between the concept and practice causes practical problems e.g., tensions between states. In the theoretical discourse the problem already exists by the very fact of insufficient scientific attention given to this problem. The central issue for a consistent legal theory is the explanation of international law without compulsory adjudication. The purpose of this contribution is to analyse the arguments in favour of compulsory adjudication in international law. The arguments are presented by following the insights on this issue provided by Kelsen and Lauterpacht. Theoretical questions to be answered are the following: a) what are the theoretical assumptions on which the concept of compulsory international adjudication is grounded; and b) what are the objections to these assumptions from the realistic approach to law.
Keywords: compulsory adjudication, models of law, legal disputes, coherence, evolution
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3935/zpfz.71.6.01
Hrčak ID: 272422
URI: https://hrcak.srce.hr/272422
Pages: 819-847
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Pravnoteorijski pokušaj stvaranja vladavine prava: analiza teorijskih pretpostavki i realističkih izazova obvezatnom međunarodnom pravosuđenju
Dr. sc. Mario Krešić, docent Pravnog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Trg Republike Hrvatske 14, 10000 Zagreb; mario.kresic@pravo.hr; ORCID ID: orcid.org/0000-0002-1461-7680
Sažetak
Pojam vladavine prava, barem prema shvaćanju pojma kada se upotrebljava u diskursu o nacionalnom pravu, uključuje element obvezatnog pravosuđenja. Istodobno, u općem međunarodnom pravu nedostaje izražena norma o univerzalnom obvezatnom pravosuđenju kao što nedostaje i u partikularnom regionalnom poretku koji uređuje odnose među europskim državama. Iako se ta neusklađenost pojma i prakse može doživjeti kao intrigantan teorijski i praktičan problem koji privlači promišljenu analizu, to se ipak ne događa u suvremenim raspravama.
U praktičnom diskursu o razvoju općeg međunarodnog prava već desetljećima nema napretka u odnosu na primjenu pojma. Napredak europskog poretka, čak i ako pokazuje znakove nastajanja norme o obvezatnom međunarodnom pravosuđenju, još se mora potvrditi donošenjem izražene norme. Otpor prema rješavanju neusklađenosti pojma i prakse uzrokuje praktične probleme kao što su, primjerice, napetosti među državama.
U teorijskom diskursu problem postoji već zbog nedovoljne znanstvene usmjerenosti na to pitanje. Glavni problem za konzistentnu pravnu teoriju je objašnjenje međunarodnog prava kao prava bez obvezatnog pravosuđenja.
Cilj je ovog članka analizirati argumente prema kojima međunarodno pravo zahtijeva obvezatno pravosuđenje. Argumenti su prikazani slijedeći Kelsenove i Lauterpachtove uvide o ovom problemu. Teorijska pitanja na koja se nastoji odgovoriti ovim radom jesu: a) koje su teorijske pretpostavke na kojima se temelji pojam obvezatnog međunarodnog pravosuđenja i b) koje prigovore ovim pretpostavkama može oblikovati realistički pristup pravu.