Zabrana političkih stranaka – Analiza kriterija razvijenih od strane Saveznog ustavnog suda Njemačke i Europskog suda za ljudska prava i njihova međusobna povezanost
Rok Dacar, mag. iur. (Ljubljana), M.A. (Bruges), asistent Pravnog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Mariboru, Mladinska ulica 9, 2000 Maribor, Slovenija; rok.dacar@um.si; ORCID ID: orcid.org/ 0000-0001-8936-9311
Sažetak
U mnogim modernim demokracijama moguće je zabraniti političke stranke. Bez obzira na to koliko bile ideološki ekstremne, njihova zabrana predstavlja nasilan upad u političku sferu i stoga bi se trebala primjenjivati samo opravdanim slučajevima. Ovaj članak analizira relevantnu sudsku praksu Saveznog ustavnog suda Njemačke i Europskog suda za ljudska prava. Dolazi do zaključka da je pravna praksa tih dvaju sudova usko povezana i da se nadograđuje jedna na drugu. Nadalje, prema današnjim standardima, nije moguće zabraniti političku stranku koja ima neustavan program, čak i ako pokušava provesti svoje ciljeve agresivno i nasilno, sve dok nema stvarnu mogućnost da ga provede, odnosno nema potrebnu političku moć.
Ključne riječi: zabrana političke stranke; Europski sud za ljudska prava; Savezni ustavni sud Njemačke; potencijalnost; hitna društvena potreba
Doi: https://doi.org/10.3935/zpfz.74.3.6
Hrčak ID: 321046
URI: https://hrcak.srce.hr/321046
Stranice: 495-521
The Ban of Political Parties – An Analysis of the Criteria Developed by the German Federal Constitutional Court and the European Court of Human Rights and their Interconnection
Rok Dacar, mag. iur. (Ljubljana), M.A. (Bruges); teaching assistant and doctoral student, Faculty of Law of the University of Maribor, Mladinska ulica 9, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; rok.dacar@um.si; ORCID ID: orcid.org/0000-0001-8936-9311
Summary
It is possible to ban political parties in many modern democracies. However ideologically extreme they may be, their ban constitutes a violent interference in the political sphere and should therefore only be applied in particularly justified cases. The article analyses the relevant case law of the German Federal Constitutional Court and the European Court of Human Rights. It comes to the conclusion that the jurisprudence of the two courts is closely linked and builds on each other. Moreover, by today’s standards, it is not possible to ban a political party that has an unconstitutional programme, even if it tries to implement it aggressively and violently, as long as it is not in a position to actually implement it, i.e. it does not have the necessary political power.
Keywords: ban of a political party; European Court of Human Rights; German Federal Constitutional Court; potentiality; pressing social need
Doi: https://doi.org/10.3935/zpfz.74.3.6
Hrčak ID: 321046
URI: https://hrcak.srce.hr/321046
Pages: 495-521