Ivan Vukušić: “Lex certa u poredbenom
pravu”
Lex certa u poredbenom pravu
Dr. sc. Ivan Vukušić, izvanredni profesor Pravnog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Splitu, Domovinskog rata 8, 21000 Split; ivan.vukusic@pravst.hr; ORCID ID: orcid.org/0000-0001-7738-969X
Sažetak
U radu se analizira dio načela zakonitosti koji se odnosi na zahtjev nullum crimen nulla poena sine lege certa u kaznenom pravu. S obzirom na prijepore koje ovaj pojam nosi sa sobom i različite pravne sustave i njihove specifičnosti, objašnjena je iznimnost pojma i sadržaja lex certe u različitim pravnim poredcima. U pravu SAD-a naglasak je stavljen na 5. amandman koji proklamira due process klauzulu kojom se mora voditi kazneni zakonodavac. U pravu UK-a naglasak je na pojmu certainty. Navedena maksima polazi od individualne slobode adresata kako će prilagoditi svoje ponašanje i pravne određenosti, te se u političkom pravu pravna određenost analizira kroz rule of law. U pravu EU-a, gdje je kaznena nadležnost ograničena, načelo određenosti razmatra se kao double addressed norm kojim se obvezuje EU, ali i nacionalnog zakonodavca. U pravu VE-a je kroz praksu ESLJP-a detaljno razrađen pojam bića kaznenog djela, jasnoće i predvidljivosti te načina davanja pravnog savjeta.
Ključne riječi: kazneno pravo, lex certa, Sjedinjene Američke Države, Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo, Europska unija, Vijeće Europe
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3935/zpfz.73.1.04
Hrčak ID: 300872
URI: https://hrcak.srce.hr/300872
Stranice: 87-118
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Lex Certa in Comparative Law
Ivan Vukušić, Ph. D., Associate Professor, Faculty of Law, University of Split, Domovinskog rata 8, 21000 Split; ivan.vukusic@pravst.hr; ORCID ID: orcid.org/0000-0001-7738-969X
Summary
The paper analyzes the part of the principle of legality that refers to the demand of nullum crimen nulla poena sine lege certa. Given the controversies that this term carries with it and the different legal systems and their specifics, the uniqueness of the concept and content of the lex certa in different legal orders is explained. In U.S. law, emphasis is placed on the 5th Amendment, which proclaims a due process clause which the criminal legislator must consider. In UK law the emphasis is on the notion of certainty. This maxim starts from the individual freedom of the addressee as to how he will adjust his behaviour and legal determinations. In political law, legal certainty is analyzed through the rule of law. In EU law, where criminal jurisdiction is limited, the principle of certainty is considered a “double addressed norm” which binds the EU and the national legislator. In the law of the CoE, through the practice of the ECtHR, the notion of the definition of a criminal offense, clarity and predictability, and the manner of providing legal advice is elaborated in detail.
Key words: criminal law, lex certa, United States of America, United Kingdom, European Union, Council of Europe
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3935/zpfz.73.1.04
Hrčak ID: 300872
URI: https://hrcak.srce.hr/300872
Pages: 87-118