Morana Derenčinović Ruk: “Rizici

prirodnih katastrofa u

osiguranju"

Rizici prirodnih katastrofa u osiguranju

Dr. sc. Morana Derenčinović Ruk, Adriatic osiguranje  d.d., Listopadska 2, 10 000 Zagreb, mderencinovic@gmail.com; ORCID ID: orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-7896

Sažetak
Rad istražuje i analizira rizike prirodnih katastrofa u osiguranju (imovine) te određuje pojam rizika, klimatskih rizika, prirodne katastrofe i rizika prirodne katastrofe, ističući njihove posebnosti i značajke, poput velikih razmjera šteta i nedostatka univerzalne definicije rizika prirodne katastrofe u osiguranju. Rizik se analizira kao ključni element ugovora o osiguranju prema ZOO-u koji ističe da rizik mora biti budući, neizvjestan i neovisan o volji ugovornih strana, ali i kao središnji aspekt upravljanja rizicima prema ZOS-u, koji ima drukčiji pristup te podrazumijeva identifikaciju, procjenu, preuzimanje rizika, oblikovanje pričuva i tehnike smanjenja rizika. Rad predlaže definiciju rizika prirodnih katastrofa u osiguranju te analizira izazove u formuliranju i obuhvatu klauzula o tim rizicima u ugovorima o osiguranju, uzimajući pritom u obzir potencijalne probleme prigodom naknade šteta. Također, pokazuje se kako osiguratelji moraju prvo identificirati i prepoznati rizike te njima upravljati, a potom ih adekvatno opisati u odgovarajućim klauzulama u ugovoru o osiguranju. U radu se istražuje i uspoređuje praksa hrvatskih osiguratelja u ugovaranju osiguranja imovine, pokriću osnovnih i dopunskih rizika te se rezultati uspoređuju s praksom u Njemačkoj i primjerima iz drugih država. Dodatno, obrađuju se posebnosti procjene rizika prirodnih katastrofa, osigurateljni jaz s njegovim uzrocima i mogućim rješenjima te psihološki i bihevioralni čimbenici ponašanja pojedinaca, uključujući utjecaj prethodnog iskustva i prevencije. Posebice se ističe kompleksnost procjene rizika prirodnih katastrofa za osiguratelje, uključujući financijske implikacije i određivanje razumne premije, s ciljem doprinosa boljem prepoznavanju, razumijevanju i regulaciji ovih rizika u kontekstu klimatskih promjena i rastućih prijetnji.

Ključne riječi: rizik; klimatski rizik; prirodna katastrofa; ugovor o osiguranju; franšiza

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3935/zpfz.76.1.4

Hrčak ID: 347244

URI: https://hrcak.srce.hr/347244 

Stranice: 111-148

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“Natural Catastrophe Risks in Insurance”

Morana Derenčinović Ruk, Ph.           D., Adriatic osiguranje d.d., Listopadska 2, 10 000 Zagreb, mderencinovic@gmail.com; ORCID ID: orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-7896

Summary
The paper explores and analyses natural catastrophe risks in (property) insurance and defines the concepts of risk, climate risks, natural disasters and natural catastrophe risks, highlighting their specificities and characteristics, such as large-scale damage and the lack of a universal definition of natural catastrophe risk in insurance. Risk is analysed as a key element of an insurance contract regarding the Law on Obligations, which emphasises that risk must be future, uncertain and independent of the will of the contracting parties, but also as a central aspect of risk management under the Insurance Act, which has a different approach and involves identification, assessment, risk assumption, provisioning and risk reduction techniques. The paper proposes a definition of natural catastrophe risks in insurance and analyses the challenges in formulating and encompassing clauses on these risks in insurance contracts, considering potential problems in compensation of claims. It also shows how insurers must first identify and recognise risks and manage them, and then adequately describe them in the relevant clauses in the insurance contract. The paper investigates and compares the practice of Croatian insurers in contracting property insurance, covering basic and additional risks, and compares the results with practice in Germany and examples from some other countries. In addition, it addresses the specifics of natural disaster risk assessment, the insurance gap with its causes and possible solutions, and psychological and behavioural factors of individual behaviour, including the influence of previous experience and prevention. Particularly the paper highlights the complexity of natural catastrophe risk assessment for insurers, including financial implications and determining a reasonable premium, with the aim of contributing to better recognition, understanding, and regulation of these risks in the context of climate change and growing threats.

Keywords: risk; climate risk; natural catastrophe; insurance contract; franchise

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3935/zpfz.76.1.4

Hrčak ID: 347244

URI: https://hrcak.srce.hr/347244 

Pages: 111-148