Marin Bonačić, Nikša Vojvoda:
“Primjenjivost direktiva
Europske unije o procesnim
pravima obrane u
kvazikaznenim postupcima s
osvrtom na hrvatski prekršajni
postupak"
Primjenjivost direktiva Europske unije o procesnim pravima obrane u kvazikaznenim postupcima s osvrtom na hrvatski prekršajni postupak
Dr. sc. Marin Bonačić, izvanredni profesor Pravnog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Trg Republike Hrvatske 14, 10 000 Zagreb; marin.bonacic@pravo.unizg.hr; ORCID ID: orcid.org/0000-0001-9951-0921
Nikša Vojvoda, mag. iur., asistent Pravnog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Trg Republike Hrvatske 14, 10 000 Zagreb; niksa.vojvoda@pravo.unizg.hr; ORCID ID: orcid.org/0000-0001-6640-9763
Sažetak
U radu se analizira jesu li, i u kojoj mjeri, procesne direktive Europske unije o pravima osumnjičenika i okrivljenika u kaznenom postupku primjenjive na kvazikaznene postupke, uz osvrt na njihovu primjenjivost u hrvatskome prekršajnom postupku. Uvodno se iznose osnovne informacije o direktivama i primjećuje manji fokus literature na njihovu primjenjivost na kvazikaznene postupke. U središnjem, drugome, dijelu rada razmatraju se često složena pravila o njihovoj primjenjivosti na kvazikaznene postupke i ističe važnost prakse Europskog suda za ljudska prava kao kompenzacijskog mehanizma u situacijama kada direktive nisu primjenjive. Na temelju toga treći se dio bavi primjenjivošću direktiva u hrvatskom prekršajnom postupku te se daje osvrt na način kako su one transponirane.
Ključne riječi: direktive o procesnim pravima obrane; prekršajni postupak; kvazikazneni postupci; prava obrane; europeizacija prekršajnog prava
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3935/zpfz.76.3.4
Hrčak ID: 349762
URI: https://hrcak.srce.hr/349762
Stranice: 421-452
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Applicability of European Union Directives on Procedural Defence Rights in Quasi-Criminal Proceedings With Reference to Croatian Misdemeanour Proceedings
Marin Bonačić, Ph. D., Associate Professor, University of Zagreb Faculty of Law, Trg Republike Hrvatske 14, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; marin.bonacic@pravo.unizg.hr; ORCID ID: orcid.org/0000-0001-9951-0921
Nikša Vojvoda, mag. iur., Assistant, University of Zagreb Faculty of Law, Trg Republike Hrvatske 14, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; niksa.vojvoda@pravo.unizg.hr; ORCID ID: orcid.org/0000- 0001-6640-9763
Summary
This paper examines the applicability of six EU directives on the procedural rights of suspects and accused persons in criminal proceedings to quasi-criminal proceedings, with particular reference to Croatian misdemeanour law. Based on a normative analysis of the directives, their recitals, preparatory materials, and the case law of the CJEU and ECtHR, the paper identifies the rules governing their scope of application. Five of these directives apply to quasi-criminal proceedings, but their application is limited where minor offences are adjudicated by a body other than a court having jurisdiction in criminal matters and no custodial sentence is possible. The three newer directives extend their full application to situations involving deprivation of liberty, regardless of the stage of the proceedings. The Directive on the presumption of innocence is not applicable to quasi-criminal proceedings. Where the directives do not apply, the ECHR and the EU Charter serve as compensatory mechanisms. Applied to Croatian misdemeanour proceedings, these rules produce uneven results. The directives fully apply in proceedings before misdemeanour courts, and their applicability is limited in first-instance proceedings before state administration bodies and in mandatory misdemeanour order proceedings, where they apply only upon appeal or objection. In misdemeanour order proceedings, the directives sometimes apply or should apply from the outset, and sometimes only after an objection has been lodged. The paper argues that the current transposition, which relies on subsidiary application of the Criminal Procedure Act for three directives, is inadequate and that explicit transposition into the Misdemeanour Act is needed.
Keywords: EU Directives on procedural rights of the defence; misdemeanour proceedings; quasi-criminal proceedings; rights of the defence; Europeanisation of misdemeanour law
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3935/zpfz.76.3.4
Hrčak ID: 349762
URI: https://hrcak.srce.hr/349762
Pages: 421-452